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Air Liquide S.A. ( , ; literally "liquid air") is a French multinational company which supplies and services to various industries including medical, chemical and electronic manufacturers. Founded in 1902, Air Liquide is the second largest global supplier of industrial gases by revenues (after Linde plc) and has operations in over 70 countries.
The company's headquarters are in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It also has major offices in Japan, Houston, Newark, Delaware, New Delhi, Frankfurt, Shanghai and Dubai. The company's research and development (R&D) targets the creation of industrial gases, and gases that are used in products such as healthcare items, electronic chips, foods, and chemicals. The major R&D groups within Air Liquide focus on analysis, bioresources (foods and chemicals), combustion, membranes, modeling, and the production of hydrogen (H2) gas. Air Liquide owned the patent for Aqua-Lung until it expired.
In 1906, Air Liquide began operations in Belgium and Italy, followed by Canada, Japan and Hong Kong. On February 20, 1913, the company was listed on the Euronext Paris.
In 1945, after the Second World War, Jean Delorme, the son of Paul Delorme and the second President of the Group, wanted to renovate and develop industrial tools. In 1946, Air Liquide founded La Spirotechnique, a design and marketing company for regulators and other diving equipment. The same year, La Spirotechnique launched the CG45, the first modern diving regulator to be marketed. This marked the beginning of the popularization of scuba diving.
In the 1960s, the company acquired American Cryogenics, as well as several other American companies.
In 1962, Air Liquide launched its activities into the space industry.
In 1970, the company inaugurates the Claude-Delorme Research & Development Center, located in Les Loges-en-Josas (Yvelines) where over 250 researchers work in 35 laboratories, covering various research areas such as applied mathematics, clinical trials and process engineering. In March 2014, the group announced its intentions to expand and modernize the center.
In 1986, Air Liquide expanded into the United States with the acquisition of Big Three for $1.05 billion, a US-based company with operations in many countries across Europe and Asia. That same year, it acquired SEPPIC, a French specialty chemicals company, as part of its activities in the healthcare sector.
In 1996, Air Liquide acquired the German company Schülke & Mayr.
Since the 2000 decade, Air Liquide increased significantly its investments in hydrogen production plants, with an increase by more than 50% between 2005 and 2008, making it one of the major segment of its offer. "Air Liquide signs letter of intent with ConocoPhillips to construct new hydrogen unit in the San Francisco Bay Area" , Euronext. January 30, 2006. Accessed May 16, 2008.
In 2001, Suez-Lyonnaise des Eaux unsuccessfully attempted to acquire Air Liquide.
In 2001, Air Liquide acquired Messer Griesheim's operations in South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, Egypt, Argentina and Brazil for €185 million. That same year, Air Liquide acquired the remaining 57% it did not yet hold from Hede Nielsen, a Danish company, which it had partially bought back in the 1990s.
In 2003, Air Liquide formed a joint venture with BOC in Japan, thus creating Japan Air Gases (JAG) and strengthening the group's presence in the Far East.
In 2004, Air Liquide acquired two-thirds of Messer Griesheim's global activities, consisting of operations in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, for $2.7 billion. Shortly after, it resold some of the US activities. In 2005, Air Liquide acquired the remaining 13.2% in the Far East Oxygen and Acetylene Company (SOAEO), for an approximately amount of €150 million.
In 2007, Air Liquide acquired the activities of Linde Gas in the United Kingdom, as well as the German engineering company, Lurgi, for €550 million, which doubled the engineering capacity of the group. During the same year, it acquired Scott Specialty Gases, LLC. Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions GmbH (formerly Lurgi GmbH), a Germany engineering, construction, and chemical process licensing company which was part of Metallgesellschaft has been a part of Air Liquide S. A. since 2007. The head office is located in Frankfurt. "Technip buys Air Liquide's Zimmer polymer technology business" , OilOnline. December 15, 2014. Accessed April 20, 2016.
In early 2008, Air Liquide entered a long-term contract with Neste Oil's Renewable Diesel Plant to supply hydrogen.
In 2012, Air Liquide created a joint venture with the Belgian group Solvay, to produce fluorinated gases for flat screens and photovoltaic panels.
In the same year, it acquired a production unit located in Louisiana, owned by the American company Georgia Gulf, 75% of the Russian Logika company, as well as LVL Medical, and the Spanish company Gasmedi, the third company in Spain in the home health sector, for €330 million.
As part of the development project for the Paris-Saclay, the company became a partner of two research and training institutes. Since then, it has been hosting the PS2E Institute (Paris-Saclay Energy Efficiency) at its Loges-en-Josas site, and has been supporting the Photovoltaic Institute of Ile-de-France (IPVF) by providing logistical resources.
On March 25, 2014, Air Liquide announced an equity investment, via ALIAD, the venture capital investor of the Group, in three companies specializing in sustainable and renewable energy: McPhy Energy, Solumix and Xylowatt. ALIAD also invested in startups specializing in the Internet of Things (Sigfox in 2015) and artificial intelligence (Proxem in 2016). In the four years following its creation, Aliad invests in more than 30 startups specializing in the energy transition, health and digital sectors.
In November 2015, Air Liquide announced it would acquire the American firm Airgas for a total of $13.4 billion, including debt. The Airgas shareholders approved Air Liquide's acquisition on February 23, 2016. On May 23, 2016, Air Liquide announced the completion of the acquisition of Airgas.
In December 2016, Air Liquide sold its subsidiary Aqua Lung International to Montagu Private Equity.
In 2016, Air Liquide's fund ALIAD notably took participation in Carmat, Inpria, Poly-Shape and Solidia Technologies. By June 2016, the total amount of investment made by ALIAD amounted to more than €60 million. ALIAD's investments focus on health, energy transition and high-tech start-up, and support them by setting up privileged R&D and business agreements.
In 2016, Air Liquide announced a new strategic plan called Neos, with an important focus on digital transformation. As part this project, the group opened two major remote operations centers: Saint-Priest, France, in 2017, and in Kuala Lumpur in 2018. The centers enable real-time analysis of the data and activities of connected factories and production units.
In May 2017, Air Liquide announced the sale of Welding, its subsidiary of 2,000 employees, specialized in the production of welding gas, to Lincoln Electric.
In August of the same year, Air Liquide took control of Skagerak Naturgass AG, a subsidiary of Skagerak Energi, producer of biomethane for vehicles in Norway. Air Liquide had previously bought its Swedish counterpart Fordonsgas in 2014. Skagerak Energi belongs to Statkraft ("1st European producer of renewables" according to Air Liquide press release). Today, Air Liquide therefore has 54 biogas stations in northern Europe and it has installed one of the world's largest biogas liquefaction plants in Sweden (Lidkoping).
In 2017, Air Liquide signed an agreement with Cargill to build a biodiesel plant in Kansas, US. The operation is planned to start in January 2019 to produce 60 million gallons of biodiesel a year. Air Liquide and Cargill have already built six biodiesel plants together worldwide.
In January 2018, the group announced an investments of 150 million euros in Asia to finance the construction of ultra pure nitrogen production units, a "carrier gas" used in the composition of various electronic applications.
In February 2018, Air Liquide launched the world's largest oxygen production unit for Sasol, an international energy and chemicals company.
In September 2018, Air Liquide inaugurated its Paris Innovation Campus, located on the "Plateau de Saclay", near Paris. The campus includes Air Liquide's largest Research & Development Center, fully renovated with an investment of €50 million. On this occasion, Air Liquide announced the creation of a deep-tech start-up accelerator on the Innovation Campus by 2019.
At the end of 2018, Air Liquide announced its climate objectives and aims to reduce its carbon emissions by 30% by 2025. Among the measures stated: increase renewable electricity purchases by nearly 70%, improve the energy efficiency of production units and reduce the carbon footprint of products by 10%, by influencing both production and transport.
According to the International Energy Agency, Air Liquide is actively partnering in carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) projects across Europe and the United States. As of March 2023, Air Liquide is set to participate in the development of 29 such projects.[3]
In February 2018, Air Liquide launched the world's largest oxygen production unit for Sasol, an international energy and chemicals company based in South Africa.
In 2018, this activity was ensured by 52 hydrogen production units, 19 cogeneration units and 369 air separation units. This specialty represents 27% of the 2019 turnover of Air Liquide Gas and Services activities.
In 2019, this specialty represents 46% of Air Liquide's Gas & Services revenue.
The main medical gases manufactured are:
The Group also provides hygiene and disinfection solutions, through its German subsidiary (Germany), as well as sterilization of surgical instruments, to fight against nosocomial diseases. Finally, through its subsidiary Air liquide Medical Systems, Air Liquide is also a manufacturer of medical equipment (ventilation, anesthesia, valve regulator).
For its activities in research and development in the health sector, Air Liquide formed partnerships with several international research centers such as MGH (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA), ICM (Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, France), Pasteur Institute, (France) or KU Leuven (Belgium). Air Liquide Healthcare employs over 250 researchers for its R&D activities.
Air liquide allocates part of its research activities to the development of e-health solutions, particularly in remote medical monitoring and remote support of patients through connected measurement devices, for patients with COPD, diabetes or sleep apnea.
In 2017, the Group said it provided more than 15,000 hospitals and clinics with gases and equipment, and 1,6 million patients around the world.
In 2019, this specialty accounted for 18% of Air Liquide's Gas & Services revenue.
In 2020, Air Liquide along with Schneider Electric, Groupe PSA, and Valeo were asked to produce for intensive care units (COVID-19) by the Health Department. 85% of the models produced are primarily intended for short-term use.
In 2019, this specialty represents 9% of Air Liquide's Gas & Services revenue.
Air Liquide developed a helium cooling process for the ITER experimental reactor, an experimental fusion reactor located in Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France, built in the early 2010s.
In June 2016, Air Liquide set up its first multi-energy service station offering alternative fuels and, more generally, natural fuels: Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and Liquid Nitrogen (N2). This alternative now allows road drivers to refill their refrigerated vehicles with refrigerant gas through a pump delivering liquid nitrogen. Hydrogen could later supplement this panel of energies.
The control of the hydrogen chain, from production to distribution and storage, is a priority focus of Air Liquide's research, which focuses on the applications of hydrogen energy in transportation, from the space domain to the automobile. The group is involved in the development of hydrogen stations around the world, and is at the initiative of the group of multinationals who participated in the launch of the "Hydrogen Council", created at the World Economic Forum in Davos 2017 to promote this new energy.
For space missions, Air Liquide creates cryogenic equipment for launchers, orbital systems, firing points and sensors cooled at very low temperatures. In Sassenage, France, it builds liquid oxygen tanks for Ariane 5, and in Les Mureaux, the propellant tanks of the launcher's first level.
Global Markets & Technologies generated €474 million in revenue in 2018.
In early 2018, Air Liquide commissioned three new biomethane production units, in the United States, in France, and in the United Kingdom. Its new units doubled Air Liquide's biomethane capacity, reaching 60MW, the equivalent of 500 GWh for a full year of production.
Air Liquide Engineering & Construction employs more than 3,000 workers across 15 engineering centers around the world, and owns over 1,600 technology and process patents. This portfolio includes both the historical Air Liquide cryogenics and related technologies, as well as the acquired Lurgi AG technologies, notably syngas, methanol, Rectisol, and other licensed technologies.
| + Financial data in millions of euro ! Year ! 2001 ! 2002 ! 2003 ! 2004 ! 2005 ! 2006 !2007 !2008 !2009 !2010 !2011 !2012 !2013 !2014 ! 2015 !2016 !2017 !2018 !2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | 8 328 | 7 900 | 8 399 | 9 400 | 10 435 | 10 949 | 16 330 | ||||||||||||
| EBITDA | 1 833 | 1 960 | 1 975 | 2 084 | 2 415 | 2 567 | 4 262 | ||||||||||||
| Net Results | 460 | 703 | 725 | 778 | 933 | 1 002 | 1 756 | ||||||||||||
| Net Debt | 2 584 | 2 022 | 1 730 | 3 790 | 3 740 | 3 447 | 7 239 | ||||||||||||
| Research | 146 | 150 | 146 | 150 | 162 | 173 | 282 | ||||||||||||
| Employees | 30 800 | 30 800 | 31 900 | 35 900 | 35 900 | 36 900 | 50 000+ | 67 200 |
By 29 February 2016, the company had a share value of 33,434 million euros, distributed in 344,222,603 shares.
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